Why do Batteries swell and is it dangerous?
Why do Batteries swell and is it dangerous?
Batteries swell when there is a build-up of gases inside the cell resulting from chemical reactions associated with electrolyte degradation. This phenomenon is a signal of damage and is always a safety hazard
Mechanism of battery swelling
Swelling is most common in lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries, especially in phones, laptops and drones. The main cause is improper electrochemical reactions caused by, among other things, overcharging, over-discharge, prolonged exposure to high temperatures or aging of the cell. Under these conditions, electrolyte decomposition and the formation of gases (e.g. CO₂, H₂) occur, which accumulate in the sealed battery structure, causing a physical increase in volume. In lithium polymer batteries, which do not have a rigid Enclosures, this effect manifests itself most visibly. Swollen means that the cell has lost its chemical integrity and is in an unstable state.
Dangers associated with a swollen battery
Yes, a swollen battery is dangerous It can leak and, in extreme cases, spontaneously combust or explode. The accumulating gases are flammable, and if the Batteries are punctured or overheated, a violent exothermic reaction can occur, i.e. the release of an enormous amount of heat in a very short time. It is particularly dangerous to continue using a device with a visibly deformed battery. Even slight mechanical pressure (e.g. of the Enclosures) can lead to damage to the separator and ignition. Never charge or continue to use a swollen Batteries. It should be taken out of service immediately and handed over to a specialist disposal facility that complies with the regulations for electro-waste.
How to prevent swollen Batteries?
To minimise the risk, avoid overheating the device, using non-original Chargers, storing Batteries in a fully charged state for prolonged periods and exposing them to extreme temperatures. Modern BMS (Battery Management System) systems reduce this risk, but do not eliminate it completely, especially in the case of used or cheap low-quality cells.
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